What can cause a heightened bounce landing error?

Heightened bounce landing errors occur primarily due to excessive flare and incorrect airspeed during the landing process. When a pilot initiates an excessive flare, the aircraft may lose the necessary vertical speed to maintain a stable descent. Coupled with incorrect airspeed—either too fast or too slow—this can result in the aircraft not touching down smoothly, instead leading to a rebound off the runway.

Excessive flare raises the nose of the aircraft too high relative to the horizon, which can cause the main wheels to touch down with increased lift still present, resulting in a bounce. Moreover, if the airspeed is not managed correctly—being too fast can prevent a proper touchdown and too slow can stall the aircraft—this interplay can significantly increase the likelihood of a bounce landing.

In contrast, other listed factors, such as fuel management, low altitude settings prior to touchdown, and maintaining proper speed and angle, do not directly contribute to the bounce landing error in the same way. Proper speed and angle before landing, in particular, are crucial for a successful touchdown; therefore, they do not elevate the risk of a bounce landing.