What can cause a heightened bounce landing error?

A heightened bounce landing error is primarily influenced by the pilot's execution of the landing process, particularly in how the aircraft is brought to the runway. Excessive flare, which occurs when the aircraft's nose is raised too much just before touchdown, can cause the aircraft to lose speed significantly. If this is combined with incorrect airspeed—such as being too fast or too slow at the moment of landing—it can result in a bounce.

During an optimal touchdown, the aircraft should ideally make contact with the runway with a slight positive pitch attitude and at the correct speed to ensure a smooth landing and to avoid bouncing back into the air. If the flare is too exaggerated, it can lead to a delayed touchdown, ultimately resulting in the aircraft bouncing back off the runway. This emphasizes the importance of understanding both the factors of flare technique and airspeed management for successful landings.

In contrast, issues like insufficient fuel management, low altitude settings, and proper speed and angle before landing do not directly lead to a bounce landing error in the same way that an excessive flare and incorrect airspeed do, which are critical aspects of the landing phase.